• A. 天氣資訊
• B. 天文資訊
• C. 熱帶氣旋
• D. 本站活動
• E. 其他資訊
• F. 搜尋本站

主頁 現時生效警告 分區天氣 雨量 紫外線指數 華南海域天氣報告 香港天氣預測 天氣照片 天氣圖 衛星 / 雷達圖像 華南天氣要素圖

香港天文資料 世界時間 世界各大城市太陽資訊 特別天文事件 日食日期和數字 月食日期和數字 日月食問與答 日食計算機

最新熱帶氣旋資訊 天文台之熱帶氣旋資訊 官方熱帶氣旋路徑資料 熱帶氣旋信號機率 各站預測路徑圖 熱帶氣旋資料庫 熱帶氣旋尋找工具 重要熱帶氣旋回顧 影響香港氣旋之風速數據 厄爾尼諾-南方濤動動態 西北太平洋: ASCAT 風場圖 西北太平洋: 風 / 分析 西北太平洋: 駛流圖 參考資料: 熱帶氣旋名稱 參考資料: 蒲福氏風級 參考資料: 熱帶氣旋分類 參考資料: 熱帶氣旋發佈機制 有關熱帶氣旋之連結

實時天氣資訊圖 本站選舉 * 一觸即發遊戲 * 月氣候展望比賽

其他氣象連結 合作網站 關於我們 本站聲明 * 網誌 "望天打卦"

TC Watch / 熱帶氣旋 > Selected TC Review / 重要熱帶氣旋回顧 > 201704W (MERBOK 苗柏) [Refresh 更新]

201704W (MERBOK 苗柏) - Profile 檔案

(First draft issued on June 26, 2017; final version issued on July 4, 2017)
(初稿於 2017 年 6 月 26 日發出，最後版本於 2017 年 7 月 4 日上載)

Brief profile of MERBOK | 苗柏小檔案:

*This estimate is unpresentative as a mean sea level pressure of less than 990 hPa was recorded at Waglan Island.
*由於橫瀾島曾錄得平均海平面氣壓低於 990 百帕，因此該估計並沒有代表性。

TC signals for Hong Kong & Track 香港曾經生效的熱帶氣旋警告和路徑圖:

Table 表:

Signal 信號	Date and time 日期和時間	Distance from HK 與香港的距離	Predicted movement 預測移動趨勢	Max. 10-min winds 中心最高十分鐘平均風速
	2017/06/11 (SUN) 19:40 HKT	SSE 540 km	N at 20 km/h	65 km/h (35 knots, TS)
	2017/06/12 (MON) 10:40 HKT	SSE 210 km	NNW at 20 km/h	85 km/h (45 knots, TS)
	2017/06/12 (MON) 17:20 HKT	SSE 90 km	NNW at 20 km/h	85 km/h (45 knots, TS)
	2017/06/12 (MON) 20:20 HKT	SE 30 km	NNW at 20 km/h	90 km/h (50 knots, STS)
	2017/06/13 (TUE) 00:10 HKT	NE 50 km	N at 20 km/h	85 km/h (45 knots, TS)
	2017/06/13 (TUE) 04:40 HKT	NNE 130 km	N/NNE at 18 km/h	65 km/h (35 knots, TS)
	2017/06/13 (TUE) 11:10 HKT	NNE 240 km	NNE at 18 km/h	55 km/h (30 knots, TD)

Figure 圖:

Percentile Ranks 百分等級:

IR imagery animation 紅外線雲圖動畫:

TC track from HKWW 本站的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

TC tracks from HKO 天文台的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

Past HKWW Bulletins 本站發佈

Please click here for bulletins on this tropical cyclone. 請按這裡。

Storm Development Overview 風暴發展概覽

Unless otherwise stated, all times below are in Hong Kong Standard Time (UTC+8)
除非特別註明，下文時間均為香港標準時間 (協調世界時加 8 小時)

A band of tropical disturbance developed off the western coast of central Philippines on June 10. The disturbance intensified into a tropical depression in the morning of June 11, with the JTWC assigning to it the storm number 04W. The storm was upgraded into a tropical storm by the JMA in the afternoon, and was named MERBOK. MERBOK was at that time situated in the western periphery of a Pacific subtropical ridge that extended partially into the South China Sea. Various numerical models and official agencies predicted a generally north-northwesterly track towards eastern Guangdong.

MERBOK's convections diminished during the night of June 11, but its track carried more westward component than the forecast concensus. This resulted in a westward shift in the predicted tracks, with a projected landfall just east of Hong Kong. Although remaining as a small system, MERBOK's circulations expanded again in the morning of June 12. China's NMC was the first agency to upgrade MERBOK into a severe tropical storm in the afternoon.

MERBOK's track turned more poleward during the night of June 12. It traversed the waters just east of Tseung Kwan O and Sai Kung between 9 and 10 pm, the time when it was closest to the HKO. Both the HKO and JMA upgraded MERBOK into a severe tropical storm that night, while the JTWC and CWB kept their strength estimates at 45 knots (83 km/h).

MERBOK turned slightly north-northeastward after 10 pm, making landfall at the Dapeng Peninsula at around 11 pm. Upon landfall, MERBOK continued to move north-northeast with a gradual decline in strength. It weakened into a tropical depression in the daytime of June 13, and further into an area of low pressure that night.

6 月 10 日，一個熱帶擾動於菲律賓中部以西海岸發展。該擾動於 11 日早上增強為熱帶低氣壓，聯合颱風警報中心給予風暴編號 04W。系統於下午被日本氣象廳升格為熱帶風暴，並被命名為苗柏。當時苗柏位處太平洋副熱帶高壓脊西緣，該脊部分西伸至南海海域。多個數值模式及官方機構預測風暴向西北偏北移動，趨向廣東東部。

6 月 11 日晚，苗柏的對流減弱，但其路徑較預測偏西，各機構紛紛將預測路徑西調，登陸點修訂至香港以東近處。苗柏的對流於 12 日早上再次擴展，但系統整體仍較細小，中國中央氣象台率先於下午將苗柏升格為強烈熱帶風暴。

苗柏的路徑於 12 日晚漸轉偏北，並於下午 9 至 10 時間最接近香港天文台，橫過將軍澳及西貢對開近海。當晚香港天文台及日本氣象廳均將苗柏升格為強烈熱帶風暴，而台灣中央氣象局及聯合颱風警報中心則維持它們的估計強度為 45 節 (每小時 83 公里)。

苗柏的路徑於下午 10 時後轉向東北偏北，並於 11 時左右登陸大鵬半島。登陸後，苗柏繼續向東北偏北移動，強度逐漸下降。它於 13 日日間減弱為熱帶低氣壓，並於當晚進一步減弱為低壓區。

Weather in Hong Kong During Approach 風暴影響時香港天氣狀況

Link to relevant HKO weather report bulletins: 11/6 12/6 13/6
香港天文台相關天氣報告連結： 11/6 12/6 13/6

The HKO hinted at the possibility of tropical cyclone signal issuance on June 10. Winds of up to only force 6 were initially expected as the projected landfall location was more than 150 km to the east of the territory. Under the influence of a subtropical ridge, Hong Kong enjoyed fine weather on June 10, with occasional localized showers.

MERBOK intensified into a tropical depression (and later a tropical storm) on June 11 within 800 km from Hong Kong. It was very hot locally; the maximum air temperature recorded at the HKO was 34.1 degrees, the highest so far this year. The HKO issued the #1 Standby Signal at 7:40 pm when the storm was about 540 km south-southeast of Hong Kong, and warned the public about the impending unstable weather. Nevertheless, as MERBOK was a small system and was still far away from the territory, the HKO stressed that higher signals were unlikely before dawn the next day.

As MERBOK maintained a more westerly track than expected, the HKO made a significant update to its forecast track at 2 am June 12, now depicting a landfall very close to (but still east of) Hong Kong. Winds of force 7 were then predicted, and the #3 Strong Wind Signal was issued at 10:40 am when the storm was about 210 km to the south-southeast. The handling of empty cargoes was suspended at noon (that of laden cargoes was suspended at 4 pm), and afternoon classes at kindergartens and special schools were also suspended. MERBOK's outermost rainbands swept across the territory at around 11 am; winds started to pick up but were generally below strong force. Because MERBOK's convections were concentrated in its eastern and southern sides, the weather did not deteriorate significantly during the afternoon.

The HKO issued the Pre-No. 8 Special Announcement at 3:30 pm June 12, indicating that the #8 Signal would be issued by 5:30 pm. Northeasterly winds were strengthening, but strong winds were still confined to high grounds and offshore areas at this stage. Following the announcement, some flights were cancelled or delayed, and ferry services were gradually suspended. The #8 Northeast Gale or Storm Signal was eventually issued at 5:20 pm. As the time of signal issuance coincided with the afternoon rush hour, streets were packed with commuters with heavy traffic congestion over the territory. At 90 km south-southeast of the HKO headquarters and still moving north-northwest, MERBOK was expected to move "in the general direction of Hong Kong" and make landfall within 50 km of Hong Kong before midnight.

Showers became more frequent as night set in, but the rainfall intensity was far from strong. At 8:20 pm, the HKO replaced the Northeast Signal by the Northwest Signal when MERBOK was just off the seas near Po Toi Island, as winds backed to the north and northwesterly winds were expected later that night. Locally, winds at Waglan Island and Tate's Cairn briefly reached storm force near 8 pm, declining to gale force winds an hour later. Gales were also registered at Tai Mei Tuk, while many other stations started to register strong force winds. MERBOK turned north at this point and was very close to Sai Kung between 9 pm and 10 pm, skirting just 25 km east of the HKO, although there was no concrete evidence suggesting that MERBOK made landfall in the territory¹. It is worth mentioning that the HKO upgraded MERBOK into a severe tropical storm in its 9 pm tropical cyclone bulletin, likely as a result of the sustained storm force wind measurements at Waglan Island (and potentially at other unreported stations).

MERBOK turned north-northeast in the Mirs Bay, making landfall in the western side of the Dapeng Peninsula near 11 pm. Local winds turned west, reaching gale force at Cheung Chau and Kowloon Star Ferry Pier, a station exposed to the west. As MERBOK's southern rainbands reached Hong Kong, rain turned heavy at midnight. The HKO replaced the #8 Northwest Gale or Storm Signal by the Southwest Signal at 12:10 am June 13 as the wind direction continued to back.

Winds declined gradually in the small hours as MERBOK weakened on land, but rain fell without stop during the night. The HKO issued the Amber Rainstorm Warning at 2:50 am; the Thunderstorm Warning was also in force. The #8 Southwest Gale or Storm Signal was replaced by the #3 Strong Wind Signal at 4:40 am; winds were mostly below gale force at that time, but a surge in wind speed was observed at several stations between 6 am and 7 am as a more intense rainband approached. The HKO issued the Red Rainstorm Warning at 8:45 am and the Landslip Warning 10 minutes later; the rain was the heaviest at the northern part of Hong Kong Island, and flooding occurred at various places over the territory. The Special Announcement on Flooding in the northern New Territories was also issued at 9:35 am as heavy rain struck the region. Winds continued to ease during the morning and the #3 Strong Wind Signal was cancelled at 11:10 am when MERBOK was 240 km north-northeast of the territory.

MERBOK degenerated gradually on land and its deep convections were eroded away during the daytime of June 13. Locally, precipitation tapered off in the afternoon as the various rain-related warning signals were cancelled. During MERBOK's approach, there were several dozen reports of fallen trees, while 10 people were injured and sought medical assistance at the emergency unit at public hospitals. More than 500 flights were cancelled or delayed. Owing to an active trough of low pressure that lingered in southern China, the weather remained gloomy in the week following MERBOK's visit, with heavy rain at times. The weather finally turned stable on June 22, when the trough moved inland.

¹ Even the wind direction at Tap Mun (the easternmost station whose data are publicly available) backed from the northeast to northwest between 9 pm and 11 pm.

香港天文台於 6 月 10 日表示可能將要發出熱帶氣旋警告。由於初時預測登陸點於香港以東超過 150 公里，天氣預報只預計本地將吹 6 級風。受副熱帶高壓脊覆蓋，香港於 10 日大致天晴，局部地區有幾陣驟雨。

苗柏於 11 日在香港 800 公里內增強為熱帶低氣壓，其後進一步增強為熱帶風暴。香港當天天氣酷熱，天文台錄得最高氣溫 34.1 度，為本年暫時最高紀錄。天文台於下午 7 時 40 分發出一號戒備信號，當時苗柏集結於香港東南偏南約 540 公里；天文台亦警告天氣將變得不穩定。雖然如此，由於苗柏尺度較細，加上與香港還有一段距離，天文台表示翌日日出前改發較高信號機會不大。

由於苗柏移動路徑較預期偏西，天文台於 12 日上午 2 時大幅修訂其預測路徑，改為預測風暴將於香港以東近處登陸。天氣預報出現 7 級風的預測，而天文台亦於早上 10 時 40 分、風暴位於香港東南偏南約 210 公里之時改發三號強風信號。吉櫃及重櫃交收分別於當天正午及下午 4 時開始暫停，而幼稚園及特殊學校的下午班亦取消。苗柏的最外圍雨帶於早上 11 時左右掃過本港，本地風勢開始增強，但普遍未達強風程度。由於苗柏的對流集中在其東面及南面，本港天氣並未於下午明顯轉壞。

天文台於 12 日下午 3 時 30 分發出預警八號熱帶氣旋警告信號之特別報告，預計最遲將於下午 5 時 30 分改發八號信號。本港東北風繼續增強，但強風仍局限於離岸及高地。預警發出以後，部分航班開始取消或延誤，渡輪服務亦逐漸暫停。八號東北烈風或暴風信號結果於下午 5 時 20 分發出；由於此時正為下午繁忙時間，街上逼滿下班人潮，多處交通擠塞。信號發出之時，苗柏位於香港天文台東南偏南約 90 公里並繼續向西北偏北移動，預料會「大致移向香港」，並於午夜前於香港 50 公里範圍內登陸。

入夜後驟雨變得較為頻密，但整體雨勢仍然不太大。至下午 8 時 20 分，天文台改發八號西北烈風或暴風信號，取代東北信號。當時苗柏位處蒲台島對開海面，本港風向逆轉為偏北，並預測較後時間將轉吹西北風。橫瀾島及大老山於 8 時左右曾短暫吹暴風，一小時後減弱至烈風；大美督亦吹烈風，而很多地區亦開始吹強風。苗柏的移向於此時轉北，風暴於下午 9 時至 10 時間非常接近西貢，並在天文台以東約 25 公里處掠過，但沒有確實證據證明苗柏於香港登陸¹。值得留意的是天文台於其下午 9 時之熱帶氣旋警報中將苗柏升格為強烈熱帶風暴，這有可能是因為橫瀾島 (或/及其他未有公佈的測風站) 風力曾達暴風水平。

苗柏於大鵬灣轉向東北偏北移動，並於下午 11 時左右登陸大鵬半島西岸。本港風勢轉為偏西，長洲及九龍天星碼頭 (西面較為空曠) 吹烈風。隨著苗柏南面的雨帶移近香港，雨勢於午夜轉強。由於風向繼續逆轉，天文台於 13 日凌晨 12 時 10 分改發八號西南烈風或暴風信號，取代西北信號。

隨著苗柏凌晨於陸上逐漸減弱，香港風勢轉弱，但雨勢徹夜未停。天文台於上午 2 時 50 分發出黃色暴雨警告，而雷暴警告同時生效。八號信號於上午 4 時 40 分被三號強風信號取代，本地風勢已普遍降至烈風程度以下，但一道較強雨帶於上午 6 至 7 時靠近，部分地區風力再度上升。天文台於上午 8 時 45 分發出紅色暴雨警告，10 分鐘後發出山泥傾瀉警告，當時港島北雨勢最強，香港多處出現水浸。隨著新界下起大雨，天文台亦於上午 9 時 35 分發出新界北部水浸特別報告。早上風力繼續放緩，天文台於上午 11 時 10 分取消三號強風信號，苗柏當時集結於香港東北偏北約 240 公里。

苗柏於 13 日日間減弱期間，其深層對流逐漸消散。本港方面，下午雨勢減弱，各降雨相關的天氣警告相繼取消。苗柏襲港期間，政府接獲數十宗塌樹報告，10 人受傷到公立醫院急症室求診，超過 500 班航班取消或延誤。受一道徘徊於華南的活躍低壓槽影響，苗柏登陸後的一星期本港天色陰暗，間中有大雨。該低壓槽於 22 日移入內陸，天氣才轉趨穩定。

¹ 塔門為天文台公開資料中測風站最東的一個，但該地風向亦於晚上 9 至 11 時由東北逆轉為西北。

Image Gallery 圖片庫

Figure 1 - Satellite image of MERBOK at formation
圖 1 - 苗柏形成時之衛星雲圖

Figure 2 - Steering flow chart at 8 am June 11
圖 2 - 6 月 11 日上午 8 時之駛流場圖

Figure 3 - Forecast tracks from official agencies in the night of June 11
圖 3 - 6 月 11 日晚各官方氣象台之預測路徑圖

Figure 4 - HKO's updated forecast track in the small hours of June 12, showing a potential landfall very close to Hong Kong
圖 4 - 6 月 12 日凌晨天文台已更新的路徑圖，顯示苗柏有機會於香港不遠處登陸

Figure 5 - Wind field analysis in the morning of June 12; note the much stronger winds in MERBOK's eastern semicircle
圖 5 - 6 月 12 日早上的風場掃描圖，留意苗柏東半圓風速明顯較高

Figures 6 - Calculated wind field at 8 pm June 12
圖 6 - 6 月 12 日下午 8 時之估算風場圖

Figure 7 - HKO's track and estimated wind radii at 8 pm June 12; most of Hong Kong was covered within the gale radius
圖 7 - 6 月 12 日下午 8 時天文台的路徑及估計風圈圖，留意香港大部分地區正處於烈風圈內

Figure 8 - Satellite image of MERBOK at its peak intensity and closest point of approach to Hong Kong
圖 8 - 苗柏於巔峰強度及最接近香港時的衛星雲圖

Figure 9 - MERBOK's track near Hong Kong as reported in HKO's hourly tropical cyclone bulletins
圖 9 - 苗柏於香港附近時之路徑，資料來自天文台的每小時熱帶氣旋警報

Figure 10 - Radar images at 3-hour intervals from 3 pm June 12 to 6 am June 13
圖 10 - 6 月 12 日下午 3 時至 13 日上午 6 時每三小時之雷達圖

Figure 11 - Local wind disitribution maps at 3-hour intervals from 3 pm June 12 to 6 am June 13
圖 11 - 6 月 12 日下午 3 時至 13 日上午 6 時每三小時之本港風勢分布圖

Figure 12 - Wind speed time series at Cheung Chau, Kowloon Star Ferry Pier, Tap Mun and Waglan Island (top to bottom) on June 12 and 13
圖 12 - 長洲、九龍天星碼頭、塔門及橫瀾島 (上至下) 於 6 月 12 及 13 日的風速時間序列圖

Figure 13 - Sea level pressure time series at the Hong Kong Observatory and Waglan Island (top to bottom) on June 12 and 13
圖 13 - 香港天文台及橫瀾島 (上至下) 於 6 月 12 及 13 日的海平面氣壓時間序列圖

Figure 14 - Local total rainfall distribution map for June 13
圖 14 - 6 月 13 日本港總雨量分布圖

Winds Recorded at Reference Stations 參考站所錄得的風速

Charts and Figures 各項數據

Table 1: Track data from HKWW:
表一 : 香港天氣觀測站之路徑資料

Table 2: Maximum gust and hourly average wind speed recorded in Hong Kong from HKO:
表二 : 香港天文台公佈的各站最高每小時平均風力和陣風數據 (英文)

Table 3: Rainfall (in millimetres) contributed by MERBOK from HKO (figures in brackets are based on incomplete hourly data):
表三 : 香港天文台公佈的各站雨量資料 (英文) (方括號內之數據由不完整之每小時資料擷取)

Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Sun Sep 08 2024 12:46:22 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Mon Jul 24 2023