TC Watch / 熱帶氣旋 > Selected TC Review / 重要熱帶氣旋回顧 > 201419W (VONGFONG 黃蜂) [Refresh 更新]
 201419W (VONGFONG 黃蜂) - Profile 檔案 |
(Issued on December 7, 2014)
(於 2014 年 12 月 7 日發出)
Brief profile of VONGFONG 黃蜂小檔案:
| JTWC number 聯合颱風警報中心 (JTWC) 號碼 | 19W |
| International number 國際編號 | 1419 |
| Period of existence 生存時期 (JTWC) | 2014/10/02 20 HKT - 2014/10/14 08 HKT |
| Lifetime 壽命 (JTWC) | 11.50 days 日 |
| Maximum 1-minute wind (JTWC) JTWC 一分鐘平均最高中心風速 | 155 knots 節 (Category 5 Super Typhoon 五級超級颱風) |
| Minimum pressure (JTWC) JTWC 最低氣壓 | 907 hPa 百帕 |
| Highest TC signal by HKO (if applicable) 香港天文台發出最高熱帶氣旋警告信號 |
N/A 不適用 |
| Closest point of approach by HKO (if applicable) 香港天文台所示之最接近距離 (如適用) |
N/A 不適用 |
| Time of closest approach by HKO (if applicable) 香港天文台所示之最接近時間 (如適用) |
N/A 不適用 |
| Lowest pressure recorded at HKO (if applicable) 香港天文台錄得的最低氣壓 (如適用) |
N/A 不適用 |
TC track from HKWW 本站的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:
| Past HKWW Bulletins on VONGFONG 本站有關黃蜂的發佈 |
Please click here for bulletins on VONGFONG. 請按這裡。
| Storm Summary 氣旋摘要 |
Unless otherwise stated, all times below are in Hong Kong Standard Time (UTC+8)
除非特別註明，下文時間均為香港標準時間 (協調世界時加 8 小時)
Tropical depression 19W developed near Pohnpei on October 2, originating as a tropical wave. It intensified into a tropical storm on October 3, and was named VONGFONG that night. VONGFONG moved WNW steadily along the southwestern periphery of a subtropical ridge. The storm was expected to move across very warm seas as tropical cyclone activity had been rather limited in that region, and hence it was generally believed that VONGFONG could reach significant strength.
VONGFONG intensified into a typhoon on October 5 when an eye appeared to be forming. It approached Guam later that day, and became slightly disorganized due to poorer upper-level environment. Nevertheless, as conditions improved again on October 7, VONGFONG deepened rapidly as it turned westward. A clear eye became visible on satellite images that morning; the JTWC upgraded VONGFONG into a category 3 typhoon at 8 am, and further into category 4 six hours later.
VONGFONG continued to intensify that night, as seen from the deepening of its central dense overcast. By 8 pm, satellite images revealed a ring of cloud top temperatures below -80 degrees within the eyewall. The storm reached its peak intensity during the first half of October 8, with an estimated strength of 155 knots (287 km/h) by the JTWC. This is the intensity corresponding to a Dvorak number of T7.5, and with this VONGFONG became the most intense tropical cyclone so far this year.
As VONGFONG reached the western edge of the subtropical ridge, it decelerated and poised for a poleward turn. Its eyewall warmed in the morning of October 8 and the intensity estimate was lowered to 145 knots (268 km/h), still above the lower limit for category 5. The HKO, however, believed that VONGFONG reached its peak strength that afternoon with an estimated intensity of 240 km/h (130 knots), which surpassed the 230 km/h reached by HALONG in August.
VONGFONG turned north on October 9. Its wind radii enlarged significantly at the same time, which enhanced the northeast monsoon prevailing near Taiwan. Rough seas stranded the Taiwanese research vessel Ocean Researcher V on October 10 near Penghu, resulting in 2 deaths as the vessel subsequently sank. VONGFONG could be seen exhibiting a double eyewall feature on October 9 and 10 as it weakened gradually. The subtropical ridge strengthened slightly at this time which caused VONGFONG to move NNW on October 11, impacting Okinawa as a minimal typhoon.
The subtropical ridge reorientated and placed VONGFONG at its northwestern periphery. As a result, the storm turned NE on October 12, making landfall near Kagoshima on October 13. It accelerated as it became embedded within the westerlies and crossed Japan along its major axis. It turned extratropical as it reached Tokyo and emerged into the Pacific Ocean again.
熱帶低氣壓 19W 於 10 月 2 日在波納佩島附近發展，初時為一東風波。它於 3 日增強為熱帶風暴，於當晚被命名為黃蜂。黃蜂沿副熱帶高壓脊西南部穩定向西北偏西移動。由於該區最近缺乏熱帶氣旋活動，黃蜂將經過非常溫暖的海域，因此一般預料黃蜂能增強至較可觀的強度。
黃蜂的風眼於 5 日開始發展，被升格為颱風。它於當天較後時間靠近關島，因高層大氣環境較差而變得略為鬆散。雖然如此，隨著大氣環境於 7 日改善，黃蜂急劇增強並向西移。當天早上風眼變得清晰可見，聯合颱風警報中心於早上 8 時將黃蜂升格為三級颱風，並於六小時後進一步升格為四級颱風。
黃蜂於當晚繼續增強，中心密集雲區變得更為深厚，下午 8 時之衛星雲圖可見眼牆中有一環狀區域，其雲頂溫度低至 -80 度以下。風暴於 8 日早段到達巔峰強度，聯合颱風警報中心估計為 155 節 (每小時 287 公里)，此為德沃夏克分析法中 T 指數 7.5 之對應強度，黃蜂亦成為本年至此最猛烈的熱帶氣旋。
隨著黃蜂到達副高西沿，它開始減速並呈北轉之勢。它的眼牆於 8 日早上開始變暖，強度跌至仍屬五級超級颱風的 145 節 (每小時 268 公里)。另一邊廂，香港天文台認為黃蜂當天下午到達其巔峰強度，風速為每小時 240 公里 (130 節)，超越 8 月時夏浪所達的每小時 230 公里。
黃蜂於 9 日轉向北移，而其風圈開始明顯擴大，令台灣一帶的東北季候風加強。台灣研究船「海研五號」於 10 日因大浪擱淺沉沒，造成兩位研究員死亡。黃蜂於 9 及 10 日出現雙重眼壁結構，風暴逐漸減弱。副高於此時稍為增強，令黃蜂於 11 日向西北偏北移動，以颱風下限強度掠過沖繩島。
副高的型態其後有所改變，令黃蜂處於其西北沿，因此黃蜂於 12 日轉向東北移動，並於 13 日在鹿兒島一帶登陸。黃蜂隨後併入西風帶並加速，沿日本主軸線推進，並於靠近東京前後轉化為溫帶氣旋，繼而重新進入太平洋。
| Figures 圖片 |
Figure 1 - Steering flow chart at 8 am October 8. VONGFONG was about to turn north.
圖 1 - 10 月 8 日上午 8 時之駛流圖，可見黃蜂即將北轉
Figure 2 - Intensities and forecast tracks from different agencies on October 8
圖 2 - 10 月 8 日各氣象機構之強度估計及路徑預測
Figure 3 - JTWC's forecast called for further intensification to 165 knots (which did not materialize)
圖 3 - 聯合颱風警報中心曾預測黃蜂將進一步增強至 165 節，但最終沒有實現
Figures 4a and 4b - Satellite images showing VONGFONG at peak intensity
圖 4a 及 4b - 黃蜂到達巔峰強度時之衛星雲圖
Figure 5 - VONGFONG's wind field as it hits Okinawa. Note its very wide wind radius.
圖 5 - 黃蜂於吹襲沖繩島時之風場圖，留意其風圈之廣
Figure 6 - JMA's estimated wind radii and forecast track on October 11. Its 30-knot wind area almost covered the northern tip of Taiwan.
圖 6 - 日本氣象廳於 10 月 11 日所估計的風圈及路徑圖，黃蜂的 30 節風速區幾乎覆蓋台灣東北角
Figure 7 - Radar image of VONGFONG as it passes Okinawa
圖 7 - 黃蜂掠過沖繩島時之雷達圖
| Other Data 其他數據 |
Table 1: Track data from HKWW:
表一 : 香港天氣觀測站之路徑資料
| YYMMDDZZ Lat Long Wind 14100218 078N1605E 030 14100300 080N1597E 035 14100306 083N1586E 035 14100312 088N1576E 040 14100318 091N1563E 040 14100400 097N1551E 045 14100406 103N1541E 050 14100412 110N1530E 055 14100418 119N1517E 055 14100500 125N1499E 065 14100506 131N1484E 065 14100512 137N1467E 070 14100518 144N1451E 075 14100600 151N1433E 075 14100606 158N1413E 075 14100612 165N1398E 080 14100618 169N1380E 085 14100700 170N1365E 095 14100706 173N1352E 115 14100712 174N1342E 135 14100718 177N1332E 150 14100800 179N1322E 150 14100806 182N1315E 145 14100812 184N1309E 145 14100818 188N1304E 145 14100900 192N1300E 140 14100906 197N1299E 135 14100912 202N1295E 130 14100918 208N1294E 125 14101000 215N1294E 120 14101006 222N1293E 120 14101012 232N1293E 115 14101018 238N1289E 110 14101100 244N1288E 100 14101106 253N1286E 095 14101112 261N1284E 095 14101118 270N1280E 085 14101200 279N1274E 075 14101206 288N1271E 070 14101212 297N1275E 065 14101218 307N1287E 065 14101300 313N1303E 060 14101306 331N1329E 060 14101312 345N1358E 055 14101318 365N1397E 055 |
Table 2: Track data from JTWC:
表二 : 聯合颱風警報中心之路徑資料
ID Name YYMMDD ZZZZ Lat Long Basin Wind Pres 19W VONGFONG 141014 0000 39.1N 142.9E WPAC 35 996 |
Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Sun Sep 08 2024 12:34:51 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Mon Jul 24 2023
