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2012 年天文、地理及氣象大事選舉


The Poll 關於是次選舉

This is the fifth annual "Astronomical, Geographic and Meteorological Events of the Year" election held by Hong Kong Weather Watch (HKWW). 40 astronomical, geographic and meteorological events during 2012 were selected and members of the public could cast their votes on up to 13 incidents (i.e. one-third) that, in their opinions, were the most significant. Apart from the 40 selected events, voters could also make use of the "Others" column to suggest some other events that were not on the list.

In addition to HKWW, nine other meteorological websites also participated in the election by including a link to the voting page in their sites. They include (in alphabetical order):

We would like to thank the above websites for their support in this event, and HKSON for creating the banner for this election.

這是香港天氣觀測站第五年舉辦年度天文、地理及氣象大事選舉。我們於 2012 年發生的天文、地理及氣象事件中挑選出 40 件大事以供投選，而投票人士最多可選出 13 項 (即三份之一) 他們認為該年裡最重要的事件。除了已挑選出來的 40 項事件外，投票者亦可利用 "其他" 一欄來投選不在表中的事件。除本站外，還有 9 個與氣象相關的網站參與本選舉，它們均在站內放進投票頁的超連結。該 9 個網站分別為 (以英文字母排序) :

本站在此對上述參與網站致以謝意，亦感謝 HKSON 製作是次選舉所用的橫幅。

Voting Period 投票期

In this year (2012)'s election, the voting period lasted for 22 days; it commenced at 00:00 HKT on 30th December, 2012 and concluded at 23:59 HKT on 20th January, 2013.

2012 年天文、地理及氣象大事選舉的投票期由 2012 年 12 月 30 日 香港時間 00:00 至 2013 年 1 月 20 日 香港時間 23:59，為期 22 天。

The 40 Selected Events in This Year's Poll 本年所選出的 40 項事件

Please visit here for the events in chronological order.

請按這裡以瀏覽該 40 項事件 (按時間先後排序)。

Results of the Election 選舉結果

In this year's election, fifteen votes go to "Others" column with most cast on the extreme temperature recorded on December 31 that we were unable to include as candidate event. Those votes are listed in a separate table below. 在本次選舉中，"其他" 一欄共佔 15 票，大部分投選 12 月 31 日錄得的極端低溫；由於此事件於投票期開始後發生，我們未能將其列為候選事件。該 15 票的分布詳見下表。

Number of voters 投票人數 : 248
Total number of events selected1 總事件選擇數1: 2,061
Average number of events selected per person 人均事件選擇數 : 8.31

In the table below, events are listed in chronological order should ties occur. 在下表中，如某些事件名次得票相同，它們將以發生時間順序排列。

The 40 selected events listed in the voting page: 投票頁顯示之 40 件事件 : [Click here for bar chart (Chinese only) 按此顯示棒形圖]

The top three events are all related to tropical cyclones. Severe typhoon VICENTE necessitated the first Hurricane Signal no. 10 since 1999, making it the most popular event this year. It received 233 votes out of a possible 248 (93.95%); this is the highest percentage since the inception of the annual vote. 本年度首三位事件均與熱帶氣旋有關。強颱風韋森特襲港，令天文台發出自 1999 年以來的首個十號颶風信號，此事件共取得百分之 93.95 或 233 票，成為本年最觸目的事件，亦為此年度投票開辦以來得票最高百分比的事件。

Rank
名次
Event
事件
# of votes
票數
Percentage2
百分比2
1

(7月24日) 熱帶氣旋韋森特北移，於靠近華南沿岸時急速增強，天文台發出十號颶風信號，是自1999年9月16日颱風約克襲港以來首次。韋森特凌晨於香港西南100公里左右掠過，使它成為發出十號信號的氣旋中最遠的一個。隨著韋森特遠離，十號信號於發出後不足3小時被八號東南烈風或暴風信號取代。

(Jul 24) Tropical cyclone Vicente moved north and intensified rapidly while it approached southern China. The Observatory issued the Hurricane Signal no. 10, this being the first issuance since Typhoon York on September 16, 1999. Vicente was situated 100 km southwest of Hong Kong at its closest point of approach, making it the most distant storm necessitating the Hurricane Signal. As Vicente moved away, the Hurricane Signal was replaced by the No. 8 Southeast Gale or Storm Signal after less than 3 hours.
233
93.95
2

(12月4日) 熱帶氣旋寶霞以五級超級颱風強度登陸菲律賓，狂風暴雨造成超過一千人死亡。寶霞生成緯度低，為有紀錄以來最近或第二近赤道的五級超級颱風。寶霞橫掃菲律賓後於南海北上轉向，最終不敵東北季候風而於呂宋近海消散。

(Dec 4) Tropical cyclone Bopha made landfall at the Philippines as a category 5 super typhoon. Squalls and torrential rain associated with the storm killed more than 1000. Bopha was generated at a low latitude and became the closest or second closest storm to the equator at category 5 strength. Bopha recurved in South China Sea after crossing the Philippines, eventually succumbing to the northeast monsoon and dissipated near Luzon.
148
59.68
3

(10月29日) 颶風桑迪侵襲加勒比海後北上，並於今日登陸大西洋城。桑迪風圈非常廣闊，且登陸點靠近紐約等大城市，造成嚴重經濟損失，估計金額僅次於2005年颶風卡特里娜，而多國總死亡人數超過250。

(Oct 29) Hurricane Sandy moved north after crossing the Caribbean, and made landfall at Atlantic City today. Its wide wind radius and landfall in close proximity to major cities including New York resulted in severe economic loss, only second to Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The death toll associated with Sandy surpassed 250.
139
56.05
4

(6月6日) 本世紀最後一次金星凌日於今日發生，香港當天天氣良好，市民多能看到。

(Jun 6) The last transit of Venus in this century took place today. The weather was fine in Hong Kong and the event was generally visible.
101
40.73
5

(5月21日) 香港出現罕見的日環食，但由於日食時太陽高度低且雲層尚厚，本港市民未能看到此奇觀。是次日環食於中國東南沿岸、日本及美國西南部可見。

(May 21) A rare annular solar eclipse occurred in Hong Kong today, but was not observable due to the low altitude of the sun and the thick cloud cover. This annular eclipse was visible in southeastern Chinese coast, Japan and southwestern US.
90
36.29
6

(8月) 熱帶氣旋天秤於台灣以東海域大幅度西折並侵襲台灣南部，其後進入南海，天文台於8月24日發出一號戒備信號。受另一熱帶氣旋布拉萬影響，藤原效應令天秤逆時針打圈並退回呂宋海峽，最後北上並於8月30日登陸南韓。天秤的下沉氣流為香港帶來酷熱天氣，天文台於8月28日錄得本年最高氣溫34.5度。

(Aug) Tropical cyclone Tembin turned west sharply and impacted southern Taiwan. Tembin later entered South China Sea and the Standby Signal no. 1 was issued in Hong Kong. Due to the Fujiwara effect induced by another tropical cyclone Bolaven, Tembin made an anticlockwise loop and retreated to Luzon Strait, where it finally moved northward and hit South Korea on August 30. Tembin's subsidence brought very hot weather to the territory. The mercury at the Observatory rose to 34.5 degrees on August 28, the highest of the year.
79
31.85
7

(1月25日) 受東北季候風影響，本港農曆新年天氣寒冷，天文台於年初三錄得最低氣溫7.4度，是自1996年以來農曆年假期的最低紀錄，也是此冬季的最低氣溫。

(Jan 25) A surge of northeast monsoon resulted in a cold lunar new year, with temperatures at the Observatory dipping to 7.4 degrees on the third day of the new year. This is the lowest temperature during lunar new year holidays since 1996, and is also the lowest this winter.
74
29.84
8

(3月7日) 五年來最強烈的太陽風暴靠近地球，影響電網、全球衛星定位系統及航班。

(Mar 7) The biggest solar flare in five years neared Earth with the capacity to disrupt power grids, GPS systems and airline flights.
73
29.44
9

(6月29日) 熱帶氣旋杜蘇芮襲港，天文台發出本年首個八號烈風或暴風信號。杜蘇芮於30日在香港西南約70公里掠過，八號信號維持四小時多後解除。

(Jun 29) Tropical cyclone Doksuri approached the territory, prompting the Observatory to issue the first Gale or Storm Signal no. 8 this year. Doksuri was closest to Hong Kong on June 30, passing at around 70 km to the southwest. The No. 8 Signal was in force for just more than 4 hours.
70
28.23
(=9)

(9-10月) 颶風Nadine於大西洋多次轉向及於熱帶氣旋與副熱帶氣旋級別中遊走，至10月4日轉化為溫帶氣旋前共生存了23天，終成為大西洋第五長壽熱帶氣旋。

(Sep-Oct) Hurricane Nadine became the fifth longest-living Atlantic hurricane on record. It completed several loops and transitioned between tropical and sub-tropical systems. It finally transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 4 after having lived for 23 days.
70
28.23
11

(11月) 香港本月長時間受海洋氣流影響，陰雨天氣比正常多，總日照時間只得101.4小時，是自1885年以來十一月份的最低紀錄；而月平均相對濕度為百分之81，與1960年並列為十一月份的最高紀錄。

(Nov) Hong Kong was frequently affected by maritime airstream this month, creating a much gloomier November than normal. The total bright sunshine duration of 101.4 hours was the lowest on record for November since records began in 1885, while the monthly average relative humidity of 81% tied with that in 1960 as the highest in November.
66
26.61
12

(12月24日) 天文台於平安夜當天錄得最低氣溫10.1度，為1999年以後聖誕節前夕的最低氣溫紀錄。

(Dec 24) The Observatory recorded a minimum temperature of 10.1 degrees, which is the lowest on Christmas Eve since 1999.
65
26.21
13

(6月16日) 中國神舟九號飛船發射升空，三位航天員其後成功令飛船與天宮一號進行交會對接，此行包括中國首位女航天員劉洋。

(Jun 16) Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou 9 was launched, carrying three astronauts on board, including the country's first female astronaut Liu Yang. The spacecraft later successfully docked with the Tiangong 1 space station.
63
25.40
14

(8月16日) 熱帶氣旋啟德橫過南海，天文台再度發出八號烈風或暴風信號，啟德最終於香港西南偏南約260公里處掠過。

(Aug 16) Tropical cyclone Kai-tak crossed the South China Sea, and the Gale or Storm Signal no. 8 was issued once again. Kai-tak eventually passed at around 260 km south-southwest of Hong Kong.
54
21.77
15

(10月22日) 意大利法院以過失殺人罪判處六名科學家和一名政府官員6年監禁，理由是他們在2009年拉奎拉地震前作出錯誤預報。

(Oct 22) Six Italian scientists and an ex-government official were convicted of multiple manslaughter and sentenced to six years in prison over the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake after prosecutors accused them of making incorrect forecasts.
53
21.37
16

(6月15日) 美國太空總署宣布於1977年發射的航行者1號已抵達太陽系的邊緣，即將成為首個脫離太陽系的人造物體。

(Jun 15) NASA announced that Voyager 1, launched in 1977, was approaching the edge of the Solar System and would become the first manmade object to leave the Solar System.
52
20.97
(=16)

(8月25日) 首位踏足月球的太空人尼爾·岩士唐逝世，終年82歲。

(Aug 25) Neil Armstrong, the first person on the Moon, died at age 82.
52
20.97
18

(2月16日) 河源發生4.8級地震，天文台接獲市民報告感到震動，是次地震於香港的烈度為修訂麥加利地震烈度表的第III度。河源其後於8月31及9月2日亦分別發生4.2及3.5級地震，兩次於香港的烈度均為III度。

(Feb 16) A magnitude 4.8 earthquake occurred at Heyuan and the Observatory received reports of felt tremor. The intensity was rated III on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Heyuan experienced two earthquakes of magnitudes 4.2 and 3.5 on August 31 and September 2 respectively; both were of intensity level III in Hong Kong.
49
19.76
19

(8月6日) 美國太空總署的好奇號探測車成功於火星著陸，隨後開始一連串探測任務。

(Aug 6) NASA's Curiosity rover landed safely on Mars and research missions commenced.
47
18.95
20

(9月13日) 世界氣象組織推翻於1922年9月13日在利比亞阿齊濟耶錄得58度之地球高溫紀錄。

(Sep 13) The old Earth's highest temperature, 58 degrees at El Azizia, Libya on September 13, 1922, was rejected by the World Meteorological Organization.
41
16.53
21

(5月3日) 天文台今天最低溫度28.0度，是有紀錄以來最早出現的熱夜。

(May 3) The lowest temperature at the Observatory was 28.0 degrees, making it the earliest 'hot night' since records began.
39
15.73
22

(2月) 歐洲尤其東部地區經歷一次寒潮，捷克一村莊於2月3日錄得-38度低溫，連日嚴寒天氣共造成超過一千人死亡。

(Feb) Europe experienced a cold wave with eastern countries being the hardest hit. A village in Czech Republic registered -38 degrees on February 3. This cold wave took away more than 1000 lives across the continent.
36
14.52
23

(4月11日) 印尼蘇門答臘西面海域發生8.6級地震，而2小時後的一次餘震亦達8.2級，幸而沒有造成毀滅性災害。

(Apr 11) A magnitude 8.6 earthquake struck Indian Ocean, west of Sumatra, Indonesia. This was accompanied by a magnitude 8.2 aftershock two hours later. Fortunately the earthquake caused no destructive damage.
33
13.31
24

(12月中旬) 俄羅斯受寒流影響，莫斯科氣溫下跌至零下20度，西伯利亞部分地區更降至零下50度，嚴寒天氣奪去超過200條性命，這亦為當地自1938年最強的一次寒流。

(Mid-Dec) The strongest cold spell since 1938 hit Russia with Moscow reaching -20 degrees and some parts of Siberia reaching -50 degrees. Such extreme cold weather had claimed more than 200 lives.

32
12.90
25

(4月29日) 一道低壓槽橫過華南沿岸，本港中北部今天早上受大雨及狂風雷暴侵襲，天文台發出本年首個紅色暴雨警告。

(Apr 29) A trough of low pressure propagated in South China coastal areas and central and northern Hong Kong was struck by heavy rain and squally thunderstorms in the morning. The Observatory issued the first Red Rainstorm Warning of the year.
30
12.10
(=25)

(8月) 中國東部於八月上半月先後受熱帶氣旋蘇拉、達維及海葵吹襲，多省暴雨成災。

(Aug) Eastern China was struck by tropical cyclones Saola, Damrey and Haikui in succession during the first half of August, resulting in severe flooding in many provinces.
30
12.10
27

(9月24日) 受低壓槽影響，本港天氣不穩定，晚間大雨令天文台發出紅色暴雨警告信號。

(Sep 24) Affected by a trough of low pressure, the weather was unstable and heavy rain that night prompted the Observatory to issue the Red Rainstorm Warning.
28
11.29
28

(4月30日) 天文台今天平均氣溫為28.5度，與1994年4月26日並列為有紀錄以來四月份的最高日平均氣溫。

(Apr 30) The Observatory recorded an average temperature of 28.5 degrees. This tied with that on April 26, 1994 as the hottest daily mean temperature in April.
24
9.68
29

(5月25日) 美國太空探索技術公司發射的天龍號太空船與國際太空站成功對接，成為有史以來首艘造訪太空站的商業飛船。

(May 25) The SpaceX Dragon became the first commercial spacecraft ever to dock with the International Space Station.

22
8.87
30

(6月18日) 熱帶氣旋泰利於海南島以東形成後東移，天文台發出三號強風信號，但本港市面相對平靜。

(Jun 18) Tropical cyclone Talim moved east after formation just off the coast of Hainan Island. The Observatory issued the Strong Wind Signal no. 3, but it was relatively calm locally.
21
8.47
(=30)

(11月13-14日) 澳洲北部及南太平洋出現一次日全食，凱恩斯為全食帶中最多人居住的城市。

(Nov 13-14) A total solar eclipse occurred in northern Australia and the South Pacific. The most populous city to experience totality was Cairns.
21
8.47
32

(4月) 英國異常多雨，本月成為一百年來最濕的四月。

(Apr) The UK was affected by unusually plentiful precipitation, making this month the wettest April in 100 years.
20
8.06
(=32)

(7月30-31日) 印度炎熱天氣令用電量急升，於7月30及31日發生大規模停電，超過6億人受影響，成為世界歷史上受影響人口最多的一次停電事故。

(Jul 30-31) Hot weather in India led to a surge in electricity usage, and its power system broke down on July 30 and 31. More than 600 million people were affected, making this the largest power outage in history.
20
8.06
34

(10月17日) 一個歐洲天文學家團隊發現了距地球最近的太陽系外行星半人馬座α Bb。

(Oct 17) Alpha Centauri Bb, an exoplanet, was discovered orbiting around Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to our Solar System.
18
7.26
35

(1月) 美國一月異常溫暖，月平均溫度達華氏36.3度 (攝氏2.4度) ，為有紀錄以來第四最暖的一月。

(Jan) The United States experienced an abnormally warm January with average temperature 36.3 degrees F (2.4 degrees C), making it the fourth warmest January on record.
15
6.05
36

(7月) 暴雨本月先後侵襲俄羅斯西南部、日本西南部及中國北京一帶，合共逾200人死亡。

(Jul) Torrential rain poured down in southwestern Russia, southwestern Japan and Beijing, China in July, causing more than 200 deaths.
13
5.24
37

(8月11日) 伊朗東阿塞拜疆省阿哈爾市發生6.4及6.3級地震，造成超過300人死亡，成為本年最多人死亡的地震災害。

(Aug 11) Earthquakes of magnitudes 6.4 and 6.3 struck near the northwestern Iranian city Ahar, killing more than 300. This is the deadliest earthquake of the year.
7
2.82
38

(6月29日) 美國中東部包括首都華盛頓受猛烈雷暴侵襲，造成廣泛停電，共22人死亡。

(Jun 29) Mid-eastern US, including capital Washington D.C., was affected by intense thunderstorm complexes which caused widespread power outages. 22 people died as a result.
6
2.42
(=38)

(6月) 北美洲受熱浪侵襲，墨西哥、美國及加拿大中部出現旱災。

(Jun) A heat wave swept across North America, resulting in drought in central Mexico, the United States and Canada.
6
2.42
(=38)

(10月27日) 加拿大夏洛特皇后群島發生7.8級地震，這是有儀器監測以來加拿大第二強地震。由於震央較為偏遠，這次地震並未造成嚴重破壞。

(Oct 27) A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of British Columbia near Haida Gwaii. Damage was minor, but this was the second strongest Canadian earthquake ever measured by a seismometer.
6
2.42

Votes for "Others" column: "其他" 欄所填寫之項目

Event3
事件3
# of votes
票數

(12月31日) 受強烈冬季季候風影響，天文台今早錄得最低氣溫 7.1 度，是自 1983 年以來最冷的除夕，亦為有紀錄以來第三最冷的除夕。

(Dec 31) An intense surge of winter monsoon brought the Observatory's temperature down to 7.1 degrees, making today the coldest new year's eve since 1983 and the third coldest on record.
9

(4月4日) 日本受溫帶氣旋侵襲，多處出現暴風雨雪天氣，海陸空交通大受影響。

(Apr 4) An extratropical cyclone struck Japan causing violent winds with heavy rain and snow. Air, land and sea traffic was disrupted.
2

(9月) 本月西北太平洋只見兩個熱帶氣旋，但均達五級超級颱風強度 (按：熱帶風暴艾雲尼亦於 9 月生成，但該月熱帶氣旋數目仍比正常少)

(Sep) Only two tropical cyclones formed in this month, but both reached category 5 super typhoon intensity. (Note: Tropical Storm EWINIAR was also active in September, but the number of tropical cyclones that month was still below normal.)
1

(9月) 本月並未發出熱帶氣旋警告信號，是自 2004 年以來首次。

(Sep) No tropical cyclone signals were issued this month, the first time since 2004.
1

(12月21日) 本年 12 月 21 日為瑪雅曆法中長紀曆一個周期的完結，因而出現世界末日之說，最終世界安然渡過該天。

(Dec 21) December 21, 2012 marks the end of a cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, which spawned some end of the world rumours. Eventually the day passed without global catastrophe.
1

(12月) 本月總日照時間只得 101.0 小時，比正常的 172.2 小時少百分之 41，令本月成為第五最少日照的 12 月。

(Dec) The total bright sunshine duration for the month was 101.0 hours, 41% lower than the normal figure of 172.2 hours. This makes it the fifth glommiest December on record.
1

Notes 備註 :

1Each person can select up to 13 events per submission, and can submit only once. Votes in "Others" category have been included. 每人每次可最多投選 13 項事件；每人只可投票一次。投選 "其他" 一欄的票數已計算在內。
2Percentage of total voters. 佔總投票人數的百分比。
3Wordings may be changed to facilitate reading, but the meaning stays the same. Invalid statements, statements whose validity is unknown and those not interpretable are indicated with a question mark. 為方便閱讀，字眼稍作更改，但意義不變。不正確 / 準確度不明 / 未能理解的描述以問號標示。

Resources for the Top Three Events 首三名事件有關資源

Here we provide links to the resources related to the top three events in this election. 在這裡我們提供有關選舉中獲得首三名的事件之資料。

[Rank #1 第一位] Severe Typhoon VICENTE necessitated the Hurricane Signal no. 10 | 強颱風韋森特襲港，十號颶風信號生效
[Rank #2 第二位] Super Typhoon BOPHA formed at low latitudes, killing more than 1,000 in the Philippines | 超級颱風寶霞於低緯度生成，其後侵襲菲律賓，造成超過一千人死亡
[Rank #3 第三位] Hurricane Sandy paralyzed US east coast | 颶風桑迪癱瘓美國東岸

Finally, we would like to thank all voters for their participation, who together contributed to its success. See you next year!

最後，我們在此對所有投票人士致謝，令本選舉得以圓滿完成。明年再見！

Image Acknowledgement 相片來源

The following lists the sources of images used in our banner for the election. They are (from left to right):

本年選舉橫幅採用了以下圖片 (由左至右)：

Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Mon May 20 2024 21:33:44 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Mon Jul 24 2023